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In July 1968, authorities in Hong Kong (then a British Crown Territory) noted the first case of a new and rather nasty form of influenza. It was called H3N2 in the easy parlance of virologists. By the end of the month it had spread to Vietnam and Singapore. By September it was in the Phillipines, Australia, Europe and the USA, on its way to to global pandemic status.

By anyone’s standards, 1968 was a fate-charged year. The Vietnam war was peaking in its ghastly climax. It sparked a series of violent insurrections and soul -searchings across many western counties. Campaigners for may types of rights, including Black, Gay and Women’s all rightly see ’68 as their seminal year. A lurid light was cast by the terrible assassinations of those rather mild politicians Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King. But if anyone dreamed that Communism offered anything better, China was in the grip of Mao Tse Tung’s Cultural Revolution. And the USSR crushed a fellow Communist regime in Czechoslovakia.

So Christmas that year was a pause in a Promethan year. To cap things off, the first humans left Earth orbit in Apollo 8 and, on Christmas Eve, sent back the heart-stopping iconic image for which that mission will be forever remembered. But as the nations settled down to prepare (and listen to Lily the Pink by The Scaffold) the virus just kept on spreading and spreading and spreading all around them. In the end, it is estimated to have killed between 1 and 4 million of us. and ruined weeks of life for many more. Most UK schools and families had more than one victim that Christmas. We think there may be a lesson in there, somewhere.

Firstly, as every schoolchild knows H3N2 flu virus is in a different family (orthomyxoviridae -ve RNA) to our new friend Sars-Cov-2 (Coronavirida +veRNA) Secondly, the disease was allowed to spread, and a vaccine became available in only four months. Thirdly, it was around for a long time, making a second surge in the following winter. Lastly, Lily the Pink has not aged well.

As long as humans live in densely packed clusters, overworked, stressed and eating badly, viruses will assail us again and again. The next one may not be so benign as H3N2 or even Sars-Cov-2. There may be something utterly nasty like Ebola. Science and its methods of evidence and careful thought are the only reasonable hope. So cheer when scientists offer you a vaccine. By the same token please, please don’t sulk like children when they tell you to stay indoors and not go out and get plastered.

^{We thank Mr David Crossland of Berkshire for this story}

Apollo 8: First Around the Moon | Space

Hong Kong flu – Wikipedia

The Scaffold – Lily The Pink – Bing video

#influenza #flu #h3n2 #sars-cov-2 #christamas #coronavirus #apollo8 #pandemic

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As we write, a terrible disease is sweeping across the world. In the UK alone there are 209 600 new cases per year. One in 14 of people over 65 are sufferers. Readers in any country in the world will soon find comparable statistics. ** To kick you off, our first two links for Alzheimers/Dementia stats are listed below.

To cure any disease you have to be really sure of the right cause. The arrival of the germ theory of disease, pioneered by people like Semmelweis, Pasteur and Koch was a quantum game changer for the treatment of infectious diseases. Sadly, the cause of Alzheimers is still up for discussion.

Writing in the Independent, Christian Holscher* gives us a neat summary- it is clearly associated with the aggregation of two proteins called amyloid and tau in our nervous systems. But are these the cause-or just an effect? Christian thinks the protein problems may be caused by changes in insulin levels, and that Parkinson’s terrible disease may be involved as well.

Meanwhile, over at New Scientist Debora Mackenzie goes for a fascinatingly different line. It’s all about cleaning your teeth! Several groups of researchers are now actively pursuing the theory that the bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis, associated with gum disease, may be invading the brain tissues. It’s these inflammations which may lead to Alzheimers/ Dementia. As you would expect from good ol’ NS, it’s well written, chatty but never ever frivolous and so a real good read if you like science writing.

But what did we say about keeping an open mind and considering all the evidence? The NHS website lists a lot of factors including genetic, cardiovascular and a few more for good measure. The NHS has always been a comfort for many, let’s hope our friends on the right don’t send it the same way as the BBC!

The point of all this is that Alzheimers is an epidemic of terrifying proportion which makes COVID-19 look like an outbreak of food poisoning on a Benidorm Bank Holiday. It’ll be around long after Covid-19 is in the history books. And we still don’t know why.

_{We thank Mr Lindsay Charlton of Kent for this story}

Alzheimer’s research UK

Incidence in the UK and globally | Dementia Statistics Hub

here’s a US organization

Alzheimer’s Association | Alzheimer’s Disease & Dementia Help

We have the cause of Alzheimer’s all wrong, says neuroscientist | The Independent | The Independent

Gum disease may be the cause of Alzheimer’s – here’s how to avoid it | New Scientist

We may finally know what causes Alzheimer’s – and how to stop it | New Scientist

Alzheimer’s disease – Causes – NHS (www.nhs.uk)

#covid-19 #dementia #alzheimers p.gingivalis #insulin

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Those of us still hoping for the detection of a signal from intelligent life on other worlds will have perked up this week. Astronomers are investigating the news of a possible signal from Proxima Centauri, our nearest neighbour. If it’s a positive it may seem to some a little too close for comfort. Ian Sample covers it well for the Guardian, but most news organisations had good pieces this week.

The trouble with all of these “aliens” is that we’ve been here before. Back in the last century, news of the first pulsars was hailed as possible evidence of alien life. Then came the famous Wow signal. More recently there have been SHGbo2+14a and Tabby’s star, which fuelled excited speculation but have since been shown to be at best equivocal, or to have a natural(i.e. non-alien) explanation.

Jerry Ehman, discoverer of the Wow signal, perhaps said the wisest words of all when he warned against drawing vast conclusions from not-vast data. And this is a problem all of us humans have. We see something, get an idea into our heads, then defend it come Hell or High water. All new bits of data fit into our hypothesis. Everybody who puts up contrary data or arguments becomes a fool and traitor. From this root grow most of the troubles of the world.

Fortunately there is an antidote. It’s very simple. It’s called the Null Hypothesis. Every time you come up with a theory, you have to consider the direct opposite. Example-suppose we think that the Moon is made of cheese. We first gather every piece of data that we can from astronomy, spectroscopy, what have you, to support that hypothesis. Then we construct the Null Hypothesis. In this case, that the moon is not made of cheese. We then gather all the evidence we can to support that argument, from the same data sources. It’s an amazing mental exercise, better than all those computer games. It’s actually how drugs trials work. Your hypothesis is your drug, and your null is the placebo.

Try it today. Think of your favourite political, religious or scientific belief. You have most of the evidence you need, or you wouldn’t believe it anyway. Think why you want it to be true. The Null Hypothesis is easy- this belief of yours is not true. Now gather all the evidence you can for that hypothesis. Why would anyone want this to be true? (Caution- not all people are fools and knaves)

We’d be interested to hear how you got on.

Scientists looking for aliens investigate radio beam ‘from nearby star’ | Space | The Guardian

#seti #proximacentauri #nullhypothesis #evidence #criticalthinking

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It is Christmas 1965. Harold Wilson leads a Labour Government. Lyndon Johnson has committed massive US Forces in Vietnam. There is a coup in Dahomey. The Beatles are top of the UK Hit Parade with their Day Tripper/ We Can Work It Out double A side, but they are closely pursued by such luminaries as The Seekers and Ken Dodd. The cool cars of the year were the Rolls Royce Silver Cloud III and the James Bond Aston Martin DB5, both pictured above. _{(are they real?-ed)} If you had wanted, you could have driven them home from pub or party, for Barbara Castle‘s Drink and Driving Act was still two years away from bringing down the alcohol-fuelled carnage on nineteen sixties roads.

And at that pub or party, the cool cocktail of the season was The Snowball. It’s a heady mix of lemonade and Advocaat. We have a recipe below, but it’s the latter we want to concentrate on. It’s almost forgotten now, but back in ’65 it used to fly off of the shelves. Advocaat is a Dutch drink, a curious mix of eggs, sugar and brandy with a strong yellow colour. It looks and tastes like custard and is delicious. We suspect its place as the sweet thick aperitif has been taken by the likes of Baileys. Nevertheless if your chocolate buds are jaded, here’s a nice little alternative-just don’t mix it up with the custard on your Christmas pudding. Or might you? And talking of eggs, Faberge had recently launched their new brand of aftershave, Brut, which must have delighted many under the mistletoe. Ask your Granny.

To wish you good Christmas cheer we have two links, a Wikipedia one to Advocaat and the other from the BBC Food website. Both organisations are beacons of light in a darkening world and we beg you earnestly to lens them your support. Here’s to Merry Christmas.

Snowball: 50 ml lemonade. 50 ml Dutch advocaat. 10 ml lime juice. Add ice and a cocktail cherry to decorate

Advocaat – Wikipedia

Snowball cocktail recipe – BBC Good Food

#warninks #bols #faberge #advocaat #snowballl #christmas

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BAED community? Who are they?

Bladder and Erectile Dysfunction-marketers think it’s one of our fastest growing demographics

What’s so good about them?

They have houses, pensions, savings-that’s quite a lot of cash to tap

And what do they like to spend it on?

Things that try to bring back things they loved long ago. Motorbikes. Fast cars. Viagra.

Cars?

Big fast red ones. Ferraris. Jaguars. Porsches. With huge throbbing engines

Hang on, didn’t Freud have something to say about this sort of thing?

Well,  he wasn’t alive in the age of sports cars, but yes, he would have had a lot to say about symbolism.

And what will the market trends be?

As they move forward the trend will be away from the cars and towards things like spectacles, walking sticks, TV remotes with great big buttons, and knee operations

What about IT?

They’ll buy those apps that let you find missing things like keys

Nice things to say

Well, Roxy Music must have been very good in their day.  

Don’t worry-there’s many bases to a stable relationship

Not nice things to say

Why did England get knocked out in the quarter final in 1970? 

I don’t think those yummy mummies are actually interested in you

#BAED #viagra #marketing #discretionaryspend #demographics

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Surely that all went away in the Middle Ages-Robin Hood and all that?

Well, not really. It’s still endemic in many countries, including the United States. Between 2010 and 2015 there were 3248 cases around the world, causing 584 deaths.

Is it a fairly painless way to go?

Not quite. Let’s say you get bitten by a flea. The bacteria (Yersinia pestis) invade your lymph nodes, which swell up to agonising proportions, called buboes. You also get muscle cramps and spasms, coughing blood and your skin decays and peels off. In the end death is due to generalised organ failure. If untreated you have about a 90% chance of death. But it’s not exactly a fun thing to go through even if you live.

But if I keep away from fleas?

Unfortunately, there are also the septicaemic and pneumonic forms which are even more deadly. But they usually depend on a good flea-born infection rate to get going.

So that’s all right then. Surely there aren’t as many rats and fleas around as there were in the good old days?

We keep them under control with public health measures. But don’t forget, rats are becoming more and more resistant to poisons, and so are fleas. And the general response of public health to Covid 19 has been quite poor in some countries. Anyway the disease can hide in many types of small mammals.

Why are Doctors worried?

It so deadly that it could make a deadly biological weapon. This has been tried several times in history, most recently by the Japanese Imperial Army in 1941. We now have the knowledge that could let someone quickly engineer resistant rats and fleas-and Bob’s your uncle, as they say.

Remind me –what happened in the past?

Well, there’s been lots of outbreaks. The Big Ones were the Black Death of 1347, which is estimated to have wiped out between 30%-60% of the population. And the Plague of Justinian in 541. Records are scarcer but contemporary chroniclers speak of 5000 people a day dying in Constantinople, and ships drifting with all the crews dead.

Have we any hope?

Yersinia pestis can be killed with antibiotics. But as you know, bacteria too are becoming more and more resistant, just like fleas and rats. Unless we try to get ahead, we could be at the mercy of a rogue state or terrorist organisation at any time.

Could I just deny it exists?

Of course-it’s your right as a free person! However the long term outlook for those who try to make up reality is never good, as certain American politicians know only too well.  Having an opinion and being right are not always the same thing.

Bubonic plague – Wikipedia

The Fate of Rome by Kyle Harper Princeton 2017

#bubonicplague #pandemic #epidemic #covid-19 #biologicalwarfare #terrorism #roguestate #antibioticresistance

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Have you ever wondered what it really felt like to live in another time, far remote from our own? Perhaps when early reptiles first became mammals, or round the campfire with some cannibal early humans? If so, nothing will get you closer then the work of Czech artist Zdenek Burian (1905-1981).

Starting out as a commercial artist, he came to collaborate with Czech scientist Professor Josef Augusta. Together they embarked on the finest canon of Paleoart ever created. If the early works owe something to pioneer Charles Knight, then Burian soon left this mentor far behind, producing works whose depth, dynamism and attention to detail cannot be matched. His landscapes capture the vast emptiness of the primeval. His action paintings, the swift movements of dinosaurs and primitive fish in mortal chase and combat. His portraits, whether of Neanderthals or mammoths create real presence and personality for their subjects. His landscapes recall Brueghel or Constable. His use of colour is like Rembrandt‘s. His eye for light and mood is as good as anything in Vermeer-or Edward Hopper, a contemporary whose work also massively transcended its commercial purpose.

It’s true that scientific advance has rendered some of his work a little inaccurate. Australopithecines did not have apelike feet, they were entirely modern. If Brachiosaurs had been as deep in the water as Burian depicts them, they would have suffocated immediately. But he worked with best that the science of the time could tell him, and to cavil would be like rejecting Velazquez‘ Seige of Breda on the grounds that details of the soldiers’ uniforms are inaccurate. Sorry, you’re missing the point.

His corpus was vast. If you want to immerse yourself in it, we have a Wikipedia link below as a jumping-off point. But good litho reproductions can be found as illustrations to the books be produced with Augusta and later Professor Spinar, which can be picked off at good prices from sites like e bay and Amazon. As you revel in the art, remember the science. For final recognition came in 2017 when the first wholly Czech dinosaur was named Burianosaurus augusta, in the honour of two fine men.

Zdeněk Burian – Wikipedia

#zdenekburian #josefaugusta #paleoart #dinosaurs #earlyhumans #evolution #paleonto;ogy

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As 2020 draws to a close, we predict that the question of Britain’s immediate relationship with Europe will start to drop down the agenda; by January there will be a deal or no deal, and we shall cope one way or another. No, we think the Big Existential Question for next year will be Scottish Independence. And. although we won’t take sides now, or ever, we think it’s worth considering at the historical aspect, which so far has been overlooked in more immediate questions of sovereignty and power.

From William I until Robert Walpole, every ruler of England faced a strategic dilemma. There was always a a neighbour, potentially hostile, with a land border in the north. Thus if England committed itself too heavily in a European war, its continental adversaries could drum up a land invasion to divide English forces, blunting their effect on both fronts. It could be parried, but at enormous cost. The danger was acute for monarchs as far apart in time as Stephen, Edward III and Henry VIII.

The Act of Union of 1707 closed this danger down. It meant that one centre of strategic power now controlled the whole landmass from Torquay to Thurso. As the Royal Navy could now sail unimpeded from Scottish as well as English ports, it meant the island was effectively immune from invasion-a strategic card of immense power in the hand of any statesman. As any soldier knows it is very difficult to invade a country when you have to land on a hostile shore where the enemy controls all the roads, strongpoints and obedience of the population. Much easier when your forces have the support of an adjoining nation, where you can build up in peace until the time comes to launch.

And so we predict that intelligent members of Britain’s High command will even now be whispering in Boris Johnson‘s ear, urging him of the strategic dangers of “losing” Scotland. Not to Britain, but to England. We flatter ourselves that you read it here first.

#borisjohnson #england #scotland #scottishindependence #brexit #referendum #britain #unitedkingdom #nicolasturgeon #snp #conservativeparty

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Our readers have busy lives, as do we in the world of commerce and retail. But here’s time for a couple of thoughts which we hoped you might like. Well, we think they’re intriguing!

Nick Cohen on free speech

The reason we call Nick Cohen the new George Orwell is not because of his fearlessness, nor his razor sharp mind. It’s because he’s so objective. You’ll find his pieces scattered from left to right from the Guardian far out to the Spectator. It’s because he sees the fools and knaves in every camp, and so should we. Here he is from the Spectator on the current culture wars ravaging Cambridge University.

Cambridge academics have just won an important battle for free speech | The Spectator

Magnetism- a mystery unlocked

We at LSS have always been baffled by magnetism. Electricity- we know about that. You need it to turn on the lights, and there’s things like amps and ohms and volts which are OK if you can get your head around the equations. But magnetism?-it’s like electricity’s mysterious sister. It’s there, alright, but why, and what makes it tick? Now a fascinating new theory attempts to understand it using game theory, specifically the once popular 15 puzzle. It’s funny how something from one place suddenly turns up in another branch of learning. There’s a lesson in there somewhere.

A Child’s Puzzle Has Helped Unlock the Secrets of Magnetism (getpocket.com)

^{we thank Mr Peter Seymour of Hertfordshire for this story}

Twins Peak

Fans of amateur astronomy should note the Geminid meteor shower which should peak some time around Monday December 14th. A pair of binoculars should actually be better than a telescope. But how many times do we have to say it- observe after dark, when there is no danger of looking into the Sun. Because that will be the last thing you will see. Here’s Joanna Whitehead in the I

How to see Geminid meteor shower 2020 in the UK: What time to watch, when Geminids peak and what to look for (inews.co.uk)

^{we thank Mr Gary Herbert of Buckinghamshire for this story}

Well, that’s it for this week. We have to go now, for all sorts of reasons. Have a good weekend.

#geminids #astronomy #magnetism #15 #electromagnetism #nickcohen #cambridgeuniversity #freespeech #respect #tolerate

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_{Tonight’s contributor is our old friend and stalwart colleague Tracy Ann Ball}

Alright, what is it?	Margarita
And where did you sample it?	La Mansion del Rio Riverwalk, San Antonio, Texas, USA
What, you mean in Texas? Good heavens, weren’t there lots of cowboys about?	No- I was with my  husband Jon, seated outside overlooking the river at Trev’s Bistro
And what ingredients did Trev use?	Patron orange liqueur, Grand Marnier, Patron reposado tequila, agave nectar and lime juice
Gosh, that’s a mouthful-was it good?	Well, firstly it was delicious, not watery, but strong and flavourful, without tasting massively alcoholic. It seemed the essence of our Texas holiday. It was served in a pretty, coloured, swirly glass and we were sat on a terrasse overlooking the river watching the world go by under a blue sky while the girls were enjoying the pool.
Add a bit more for less fortunate readers…………	It was warm and sunny, some people were working on the planting along the riverbank, but most people were strolling, enjoying the surroundings
And your husband?	Jon liked it too!

#texas #sanantonio #margarita #cocktails #friday night