Food: is it quite as good as you thought?

Food is everywhere these days. Shelves groan with glossy cookbooks, restaurants and gastropubs queue up for tax breaks, and the airwaves are thick with chirpy kitchen‑dwellers—some dropping their aitches with theatrical enthusiasm, others sounding as if they’ve just strolled out of a rowing club bar. Everywhere you look, there’s another beaming evangelist waving a saucepan and assuring us that their latest ‘blend’ is nothing short of a revelation. One could be forgiven for thinking that food itself has become a national moral project, a jolly good thing in which we are all expected to take an interest.

However the readers of our little blog being a thoughtful lot, we thought we’d put up two stories which might provide a little counter-balance to the general merriment. The first from the indefatigable Kat Lay of the Guardian (clearly she knows about more than just antibiotics) does not suggest food is bad per se. But it does suggest that being extremely careful about what you eat, and who is selling to you might be a very good idea[1] Her headline tells you exactly what we mean: Ultra-processed foods should be treated more like cigarettes than food – study

“OK, OK”. you say, “but wot I eat is my choice, innit, guvnor? If I ain’t doin’ no one else no ‘arm, wosser problem?” Well according to Nature Briefing, Eating Well is about more than your health, this might be:

Debates over what to eat — more protein, say, or less ultra-processed food — often neglect any mention of how our food systems affect the biosphere that keeps us alive. But nutrition doesn’t exist in a vacuum, notes Earth-systems scientist Johan Rockström. He co-chaired the latest update to the Planetary Health Diet, which aims to optimize human health globally and reduce environmental and social harms. It notes that “global greenhouse-gas emissions could be cut by 20% by 2050 by eating healthily, reducing food waste and adopting sustainable production practices”, writes Rockström. “If diets remain unchanged, however, emissions will increase by 33%.Nature | 7 min read
Reference: The EAT-Lancet Commission on healthy, sustainable, and just food systems report

We want humanity to survive, really we do. If you went extinct there would be no one to man the check out tills at supermarkets and we’d have to use those ghastly check-out-yourself tills that are so slow, complicated and inconvenient. Yeah food is alright, sometimes. But as the old saying goes-be careful what you wish for.

[1]https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2026/feb/03/public-health-ultra-processed-foods-regulation-cigarettes-addiction-nutrition

#food #nutrition #climate change #obesity #health #fat #protein #fast food #processed food

Debra MacKenzie on microplastics-and a master class in balanced reporting

So-are all our bodies full of microplastics, ready to reach out their oily hands and strike us all down with heart disease, tumours and goodness knows what else, or not? It’s a story we’ve covered before (LSS 9 4 24) and to be fair we even approached it with a certain moderation (LSS 12 3 25)

But who are we to advise you, when we can point you at once to the works of science journalist Debra Mackenzie, writing in the Guardian? [1] Not only is the science interesting. She also gets to the heart of why scientific controversies arise. In the case of microplastics, because one lot of researchers (medical folk) are approaching the problem one way. And another lot (analytical chemists) come from somewhere different, with other methodologies And this is ominous: as we have seen time and again, with CFCs, with tobacco and with fossil fuels, there could be interested parties who will be waiting to pounce on those disputes , to use them to allege that the science is not certain, that no action is needed. To quote one of the more chilling passages of Debra’s article

The plastics industry is more powerful than the CFC-makers were, and it has friends who know how to manufacture doubt. (Researchers I spoke to said that their papers have been denounced to journal editors by chemical industry figures who were not analytical experts.)

Now we at LSS are not medical experts. gentle readers. We do not know where the truth lies, although we may suspect. And, as in many scientific debates, there may be actors with differing levels of enthusiasm about where the evidence ultimately points. In any case, you should read Mackenzie’s article. You will learn a great deal more than just about plastics..

[1]https://onlinescientias.wordpress.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=13505&action=edit

#health #pollution #microplastics #science

Round up: MAGA psychology, strange new cells, how to become a teetotaller….and much more

We said we’d stopped doing round ups: but here goes anyway:

It’s about the psychology, stupid! George Orwell once noted that peoples’ political and religious beliefs often reflect their deep underlying emotional preoccupations. Which is why facts and reason so often fail to change minds. Never have we seen this argument so convincingly demonstrated as in this this short article by Magnus Linden, Claire Campbell and Fredrik Bjorklund for The Conversation: Maga Explained: How Personality and Context Shape radical Movements

The Unexpected was hiding in plain sight We always like it when that happens (remember birds and dinosaurs?) Now the inestimable Nature Briefing has a tale of how astrocytes, those formerly humble and overlooked cells of the brain may be pretty important after all The Silent Cells within our brains:

Astrocytes make up one-quarter of the brain, but were long thought to be merely the supporting act for the stars of the cognitive show: neurons. Now astrocytes are emerging as key players shaping our behaviour, mood and memory. The cells seem to orchestrate the molecular mix in the environment around synapses, varying that mix according to brain state — how alert or awake the brain is, for example. This, in turn, can determine whether neurons fire in response to a signal coming across the synapse. “Neurons and neural circuits are the main computing units of the brain, but it’s now clear just how much astrocytes shape that computation,” says neurobiologist Nicola Allen.Nature | 11 min read

Can GLP help you give up the booze? Sticking with Nature Briefing, that go-to source for science news of all kinds, we noticed this riff on all those weight loss drugs everyone seems to be taking lately, No wonder there’s no one left in the pub. Can GLP-1 drugs treat addiction?

Scientists are testing whether blockbuster drugs that mimic the hormone GLP-1 — sold under brand names such as Ozempic and Mounjaro — can help to cut cravings other than those for food. For years people prescribed GLP-1s for diabetes or weight loss have shared stories about finding themselves suddenly able to shake long-standing addictions to cigarettes, alcohol and other drugs. Now, data are starting to back them up, with results from more clinical trials expected soon. “At the end of the day, the neurobiological system that is activated by rewarding substances — food, sex, drugs, rock and roll — it’s the same system,” says psychopharmacologist Roger McIntyre.Nature | 11 min read

Will we ever lose our Bonds? We have noted before how deeply in hock governments around the world have become since the 2008 crisis and COVID 19. But better minds than ours, more deeply learned, have known it all along. Here’s Richard Partington writing before the Budget, Aditya Chakraborty afterwards: plus we wanted to give you Katie Martin of the FT too, but couldn’t get past the paywall.

https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/nov/24/bond-market-power-rachel-reeves-budget?CMP=Share_AndroidApp_Other

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/dec/02/misleading-rachel-reeves-budget-labour-bond-markets

Action at a distance? We don’t do a ;ot of physics here, sadly, so we hope this intriguing article about quantum entanglement from Jara Juana Bermejo Vega of El Pais will go some way to making amends. English monoglots be warned: you will need your translator app

https://elpais.com/ciencia/las-cientificas-responden/2025-12-01/el-entrelazamiento-cuantico-puede-explicar-fenomenos-de-comunicacion-a-distancia-entre-gemelos-o-de-un-hijo-con-su-madre.html

Forgive us breaking our promises but we felt these stories were so intriguing that we’d toss them at you and let you make up your own minds

#neurobiology ##psychology #GLP-1 #alcohol #drugs #MAGA #politics

Why taxes are good for you #4: health and safety, guvnor

Ever since our earliest youth, Budget Day in the UK has always been accompanied by a chorus of cantankerous moaning “They’re putting a penny on me beer! He’s puttin’ tuppence onner packet o’ fags!” Spurred on as ever by a less than objective nor benevolent right-wing media, this was taken as firm evidence of a creeping Communist plot, designed to strike at the very foundations of British Manhood. But they paid; then many died of cancer or other hideous diseases. For the evidence they chose to ignore was overwhelming:  such taxes were good for their health. A 50% rise on tobacco tax leads to substantial declines in smoking, with all the falls in things like lung disease, cardiovascular disease and the many other ills associated with the widespread consumption of the drug nicotine. Regular readers will not be surprised to learn the same is true of alcohol taxes. The literature is vast, but we hope that the  studies which we have included will give you a starting point.[1] [2]  And add : will future societies discover the same truth with regard to sweet foods and drinks?

What is true for the particular turns out to true for the general. You don’t have to read this blog for long before coming across the names of Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett and their seminal work The Spirit Level.[3]  Taxes, they admit  create more equal societies. And more equal societies experience a truly amazing number of health benefits when compared to less equal ones. Obesity, childhood health, life expectancy, reductions in crime-all have been the subject of careful longitudinal and randomised studies which confirm the thesis of their book. Which advances in turn lead to more money available for better health care services, leading to less obesity, better child development……no, we’ll leave it there.  You know what a virtuous cycle looks like. .Again, our references barely scrape the surface of what’s available[4] [5]. But we’ll trust you’ll do a little digging yourselves rather than take our word for all of this

Which leaves it hard to write a concluding paragraph when those conclusions are so obvious both to intelligent readers and patriots. For what can be more patriotic than to promote the health and well being of the society in which we are grounded?  But. as we saw in the last blog, patriotism comes at a cash price, and you need an economy to pay for it, And in the next blog in this series we will learn that without a government and the taxes it collects, you will not have an economy at all. Don’t miss it.

[1] The Case for Health Taxes Masood AhmedMinouche Shafik  World Health Organisation

[2]  Estimating the effect of transitioning to a strength-based alcohol tax system on alcohol consumption and health outcomes: a modelling study of tax reform in England – The Lancet Public Health The Lancet

[3] Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett The Spirit Level Penguin 2009 updated 2024

[4]A UK wealth tax for better health | The BMJ

[5]Does income inequality cause health and social problems? Oseph Rowntree foundation

Stem Cell Therapy: Lamarckism by Force Majeure

First of all hats off to Oliver Chu, the brave boy from California who has just undergone a successful trial of stem cell therapy for a terrible condition called Hunters Syndrome. [1] as Ian Sample of the Guardian explains. It’s caused by a simple mutation in a gene called IDS-1 which controls the production of a vital enzyme Iduronate-2-sulfatase; without which the body cannot break down key sugars, leading to organ damage of all sorts and cognitive decline. The trick has been to extract the stem cells from Oliver’s blood: replace the faulty gene with a true copy using a viral vector; and pop them back in to Oliver, whenceforth they will thrive happily, self reproducing from their own line, and producing bountiful quantities of the enzyme for life.

And this for us is the key part. Let’s repeat : the new stem cells with the engineered gene will start their own self replicating line. In Oliver. Now Oliver himself started from a single stem cell-a single fertilised ovum, as do all living things. With DNA that was used to build every single following cell as it grew . An Ur stem cell if you like. But now. young Oliver has two. All the cells from his original cell, Plus the new line, from the engineered stem cell. whose line is now flooding his system with the good enzyme..

The central tenet of biology up to now is that we all of us-tigers, pterodactyls, humans, whatever-have a single unmodifiable line of DNA in our cells. Random variations may be passed to the next generation and tested by Natural Selection. But the actual DNA deep in the cells cannot be changed or modified. That’s the Darwinian positioned its held up pretty well for centuries. The alternative, proposed by Lamarck is that organisms are modified by the environment and this information can be learned inthe genes and passed on. So far there has been no evidence to support this view whatsoever . But what if the environment contains clever humans who can choose to modify DNA, and thereby create what are in effect hybrid organisms with two separate DNA lines-like young Oliver? Is this Darwinian? It’s not how it happens in nature, and its been done by force majeur. But it sounds a lot like Lamarckism from where we sit.

[1]https://www.theguardian.com/science/2025/nov/24/groundbreaking-uk-gene-therapy-manchester-hunter-syndrome

#stem cells #hunters syndrome #darwin #lamarck #evolution #medicine #health

Making an end to Cervical Cancer, making a start on an end to Alzheimers- two stories of real hope

At a time when ignorance and anger are gleefully presenting themselves as the new norms, it’s heartening to see that some people are still active on our side. And achieving real, substantial progress. That’s why we’re proud to bring you two stories which show what educated minds, still employing the twin discipline of fact and reason, have achieved lately.

Repurposing old medicines. Regular readers will will recall our enthusiasm for lateral thinking, using old things which were there all along to do unexpected new ones. So Sharon Wooller of the Mail has a triple whammy for us this week.[1] After screening 80 commonly used drugs or vaccines , ingenious scientists at the University of Exeter selected three that might have a bearing on the terrible scourge of Alzheimers disease. They are: Viagra, which stops those pesky tau plaques from building up. Riluzole which may actually bring them down. And the shingles vaccine Zostavax which may also affect the immune system. Now we know the brain barrier frontier is pretty much down (LSS passim) this has to be a powerful runner, gentle readers. But best of of all is why these scientists set out to do this. To quote Sharon. in a nutshell:

Making drugs from scratch can take ten to 15 years and cost billions of pounds, with no guarantee they will work.

If you cant afford new ones, why not try a few old ones? Quod erat demonstrandum

Cervical success People can co-operate, even across national lines, when there is “cause sufficient”. One of these was cervical cancer, which not only blighted and destroyed lives, but effectively deprived the world of much of the better half of its workforce. Two releases today from GAVI and the WHO evince the remarkable strides in the vaccination programmes which have done do much to eliminate this disease. Hats off not just to the scientists, but also to the intrepid field workers who have combed the wildest, remotest corners of the earth, employing the most recondite means, to save lives and afford a brighter future to millions [2] [3]

When we read stories like these we know we are not alone. Our side is still out there. And unless they crush all universities and research institutes everywhere, we shall be back one day. For keeps.

[1]https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-15298699/Viagra-Alzheimers-drugs-hope.html

[2] https://www.gavi.org/news/media-room/cervical-cancer-vaccines-save-over-1-million-lives-lower-income-countries

[3]https://www.who.int/news/item/17-11-2025-world-marks-cervical-cancer-elimination-day-as-countries-accelerate-action

#vaccine #drug #medicine #alzheimers #cervical cancer #women #health

Suffer from Seasonal Affective Disorder? Here are some numbers that may cheer you up

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), that debilitating melancholy that so many people report as autumn draws in is very real, according to Linda Geddes of the Guardian. [1]. It’s not just Linda’s article itself that intrigues, although it’s full of good facts and useful advice. Because the approach her scientists have taken illustrates one of the most exciting and hopeful trends in human learning since the Renaissance: the use of giant data sets combined with powerful IT tools to handle them.

The SAD researchers at the University of Edinburgh., led by the redoubtable Dr Cathy Wyse analysed four years of data, comprising records of 500 000 people from the UK Biobank,[2] a vast compendium of learning on all things medical in these islands To paste Linda’s killer quote

Large-scale resources such as the UK Biobank have transformed this area of research, allowing scientists to track seasonal patterns across hundreds of thousands of people over many years – something that was previously impossible.

It wasn’t long, gentle readers, before we found how this whole new area of learning, depending on whole new technologies such as AI, Cloud Computing and High Performance Computing is transforming our understanding in many areas such as medicine, biotechnology, meteorology, epidemiology…. remember our own praises for Deep Mind and its generation of the alpha fold proteins? (LSS passim). It is revolutionising human sciences like economics and can even help us understand more about the authorship of old texts such as The Bible and Greek Masters like Homer. Because only by looking at really huge data sets can you see patterns, meaningful patterns, which the close view of the human mind alone could never have detected.

Being the curious little monkeys we are, we couldn’t resist asking how this all works. It was like lifting the bonnet on a Rolls Royce when you don’t know what a variable valve timing system is-or anything else. For we were in an arcane mathematical world of Combinatories, Probabilities, Big O numbers, floating point approximations, Complexity, Catastrophe, and countless other recondite concepts which t will always remain beyond our comprehension. You try a few and see how far you get! But our admiration for the people who can handle such stuff, and use their computers to make all our lives richer, like the great Dr Wyse, grew even more limitless. Nevertheless, we will leave you with one fact hitherto unknown to us. If you shuffle one standard pack of 52 cards, there are 52! possible permutations: that’s 8.07x 1027. More than all the atoms in the solar system. Good job no one has tried it with two packs, we say: or they would have to move the Smaller Magellanic Cloud out of the way to make room for all the possibilities.

[1]https://www.theguardian.com/society/2025/nov/02/how-to-beat-the-winter-blues-seasonal-affective-disorder

[2]https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/

#SAD #health #psychology #mathematics #computing #complexity #HPC #big data #medicine

Hidden Dangers: The Conversation on PFCs

Today we unashamedly and wholeheartedly turn over our blog to a straight lift from The Conversation. And an excellent article from Professor Patrick Byrne of Liverpool John Moore University. Who has devoted his life’s work and formidable intelligence to tracking the sources of PFCs in the River Mersey (the one the Beatles grew up near)[1]

For those who want to come up to speed here are two paragraphs from Patrick’s article

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), more commonly known as “forever chemicals”, are a large family of human-made chemicals found in everyday products like food packagingwater-repellent clothes and fire-fighting foams. They are valued for their ability to resist very high temperatures and to repel water and oil, but these same properties make them extremely persistent.

Once released, some PFAS could take thousands of years to break down. They accumulate in the environment, build up – with different compounds accumulating at different rates – inside the bodies of wildlife and people, and have been associated with harms to health. The most studied types have been linked to cancers, hormone disruption and immune system problems.

And one elegaic, personal thought.Back in the 1960s when those same Beatles were growing up, the world was a different place. All those plastics and chemicals, now in Patrick’s rubbish dumps seemed part of a bright, dynamic new landscape of progress: a brave new world. There can indeed be progress, But be very careful how you go about it

#plastics #endocrine disruptors # PFCs #pollution #environment #toxins

More on undiscovered antibiotics in Nature

A few years ago we published a couple of blogs suggesting that the saliva of  Komodo dragons (Varanus komodoensis) might be a possible place to look for new sources of antibiotic compounds. (LSS 27 10 20; 6 9 21) Poor dragons! It now seems that their tantalising resistance to infection may be due to other factors than miraculous antimicrobial molecules. But at least it got us thinking:  might there yet be some useful aids to our antibiotic quest lurking out there, undiscovered?

The antimicrobial potential of some plants is quite well known. Garlic(Allium Sativum) turmeric Curcuma longa)and the tea tree(Malaleuca alternifolia) are classic examples. Best estimates suggest there are between 250 000 and 500 000 species of plant on out planet. Provided not too many are destroyed to make way for shopping malls, there may be hope of some more undiscovered potential among our leafy friends. [1] Turning to animals, our first candidate is the Matablele Ant (Megaponera analis)  They not only produce antibiotics from their metapleural glands,(what they?-ed) but they also diagnose infected wounds in their nestmates and apply targeted treatment. Their secretions contain over 50 antimicrobial compounds, some effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a notorious human pathogen When Matabele ants are wounded, their cuticular hydrocarbon profile changes, signalling infection. Nestmates detect this and apply antibiotic secretions from their thoracic glands. This is the first known example of non-human creatures performing sophisticated medical wound care [2]. Other animals  such as frogs, insects, and marine life produce antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as part of their innate immunity. These AMPs are being studied for their ability to combat resistant bacteria. And, if we were betting men, we might take a small punt on Sarcotoxin 1A and anti microbial peptide found in the saliva of flesh flies belonging, unsurprisingly, to the genus Sarcophaga [3]

Educated readers will recall how Alice met a Cheshire Cat in a wood. After imparting some words of wisdom, it vanished. But its smile remained. [4] So with our LSS dragon: it may be gone, but the smile of hope which it gave us lingers on.

[1] Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents – PMC

[2] Ants produce life-saving antibiotics for treating infected wounds

[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcotoxin#:~:text=The%20proteins%20are%20present%20in

[4] Lewis Carroll Alice in Wonderland Chapter 6

#antibiotic molecules #ecology #habitat destruction #health #medicine #microbiology #tea tree #sarcotoxin

Driving drives Dementia

Cars, don’t you love them? They cost a lot of money, they run people over, they allow cities to sprawl out over the countryside. Now comes evidence that the pollution that they cause, along with many other sources of pollution it has to be said, may be causing a special form of dementia called Lewy Body Dementia. [1] Ian Sample of the Guardian reports on a massive study of 56.5 million patients carried out by Dr Xiaobo Mao of Johns Hopkins University in the United States. The team found that fine particulate matter called PM2.5 (LSS passim) caused proteins in the brain to form toxic clumps which slowly destroy nerve function leading to cognitive decline characterised by to memory loss, poor attention spans, visual hallucinations and sleep disturbance. The team went further and found the deadly particles induced similar symptoms in mice, confirming their evidence from population studies in humans .

When we did out background research for this article we were quickly overwhelmed by the amount of available evidence. This report [2] by the UK Government waxes lyrical on the different types of air pollutants-particulates, NO2 SO3, ammonia. and many more.. as well as the many symptoms the pollution causes in the human body. And this from the Alzheimers Society [3] puts the ball in the polluters’ court when it comes to neurodegenerative diseases particularly. We weren’t ever going to fit all that in paragraph two of a three paragraph blog, so we won’t try

What we will do instead is ask where does all this pollution comes from. Cars? Sort of. Factories? In a way. But the real source is a set of misguided economic policies which value growth numbers above all else. You have to have more growth than your neighbours or younare not reaklly worth anything at all. There must be more new cars, new washing machines new mobile phones, bright new shiny anythings, so that we can create a frantic cycle of production and consumption to prove how rich and clever and successful we are. But is the definition of the good life really to drive an overpriced automobile over concrete flyovers for a few years, followed by a long cognitive decline into dementia, really such a good life? Answers please-we’d love to hear them.

[1]https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/sep/04/fine-particulate-air-pollution-trigger-forms-dementia-study-lewy-body

[2]https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/health-matters-air-pollution/health-matters-air-pollution

[3]https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-dementia/managing-the-risk-of-dementia/reduce-your-risk-of-dementia/air-pollution

#automobiles #pollution #dementia #health # neurology