Food: is it quite as good as you thought?

Food is everywhere these days. Shelves groan with glossy cookbooks, restaurants and gastropubs queue up for tax breaks, and the airwaves are thick with chirpy kitchen‑dwellers—some dropping their aitches with theatrical enthusiasm, others sounding as if they’ve just strolled out of a rowing club bar. Everywhere you look, there’s another beaming evangelist waving a saucepan and assuring us that their latest ‘blend’ is nothing short of a revelation. One could be forgiven for thinking that food itself has become a national moral project, a jolly good thing in which we are all expected to take an interest.

However the readers of our little blog being a thoughtful lot, we thought we’d put up two stories which might provide a little counter-balance to the general merriment. The first from the indefatigable Kat Lay of the Guardian (clearly she knows about more than just antibiotics) does not suggest food is bad per se. But it does suggest that being extremely careful about what you eat, and who is selling to you might be a very good idea[1] Her headline tells you exactly what we mean: Ultra-processed foods should be treated more like cigarettes than food – study

“OK, OK”. you say, “but wot I eat is my choice, innit, guvnor? If I ain’t doin’ no one else no ‘arm, wosser problem?” Well according to Nature Briefing, Eating Well is about more than your health, this might be:

Debates over what to eat — more protein, say, or less ultra-processed food — often neglect any mention of how our food systems affect the biosphere that keeps us alive. But nutrition doesn’t exist in a vacuum, notes Earth-systems scientist Johan Rockström. He co-chaired the latest update to the Planetary Health Diet, which aims to optimize human health globally and reduce environmental and social harms. It notes that “global greenhouse-gas emissions could be cut by 20% by 2050 by eating healthily, reducing food waste and adopting sustainable production practices”, writes Rockström. “If diets remain unchanged, however, emissions will increase by 33%.Nature | 7 min read
Reference: The EAT-Lancet Commission on healthy, sustainable, and just food systems report

We want humanity to survive, really we do. If you went extinct there would be no one to man the check out tills at supermarkets and we’d have to use those ghastly check-out-yourself tills that are so slow, complicated and inconvenient. Yeah food is alright, sometimes. But as the old saying goes-be careful what you wish for.

[1]https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2026/feb/03/public-health-ultra-processed-foods-regulation-cigarettes-addiction-nutrition

#food #nutrition #climate change #obesity #health #fat #protein #fast food #processed food

Can Cancer really save you from Alzheimer’s? Some great research, but also some caveats

Could having cancer really protect you from Alzheimers? For years epidemiologists  have noticed that  people who have had cancer — especially certain solid tumours — seem to have a reduced statistical risk of developing Alzheimer’s, but the mechanisms have been unclear. Now an exciting mew study suggests a possible explanation. Some cancer cells overproduce a protein called Cystatin C. This enters the brain where it interacts with the amyloid-β plaques which many researchers associate with the development of Alzheimer’s. Now, we can’t do better than put you onto Nature Briefing  Why Cancer and Alzheimer’s don’t mix. and their admirable analysis of a paper that originally appeared in then Journal Cell. It contains all the links and primary source matter you will need. But we’ll make a couple of observations( see below); for that is our wont.

Cystatin C, a protein produced by cancer cells, could partially explain why people who have had cancer have a lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease. In a study in mice, researchers found that the protein can infiltrate the brain and bind to the molecules that make up the hallmark brain plaques of Alzheimer’s disease. This interaction draws the attention of immune cells, which then degrade the plaques. If confirmed in humans, the findings could suggest a path toward new therapies for Alzheimer’s, says cancer researcher Jeanne Mandelblatt. Nature | 5 min read
Reference: Cell paper

Firstly the research is obviously tip-top and exciting- regular readers will know our love of an  unexpected truth hiding in plain sight .   There’s potential here for some really radical treatments for Alzheimer’s and goodness knows what other neurological conditions. However: so far, the work only pertains to mice. That’s usual: but as it scales up to humans, there’s many a slip ‘twixt cup and lip as the old adage would have it. What’s more,  the relationship between cancer and Alzheimer’s is complex and multifactorial — immune system changes, metabolic shifts, treatment effects and environmental and epigenetic factors may all have their say.  And Cystatin C itself has been implicated in both protective and harmful processes in the brain, depending on context.

And there is a deeper problem which has nothing to do with the earnest efforts of the researchers but everything to do with the less than acute hominins who surround them and who will read about this in popular daily newspapers and in mediabytes on dubious feeds. Ever prone to believe stories rather than weigh evidence some will conclude that “ a cure for Alzheimer’s has been found!” Others will ignore the old warnings of the logic teachers, ever suspicious of over hasty correlation between cause and effect. Yes, this is exciting research, But cautious people will expect no life changing applications any time soon.

#Cystatin C #cancer #alzheimer’s #neurology #brain #health #medicine

Why taxes are good for you #4: health and safety, guvnor

Ever since our earliest youth, Budget Day in the UK has always been accompanied by a chorus of cantankerous moaning “They’re putting a penny on me beer! He’s puttin’ tuppence onner packet o’ fags!” Spurred on as ever by a less than objective nor benevolent right-wing media, this was taken as firm evidence of a creeping Communist plot, designed to strike at the very foundations of British Manhood. But they paid; then many died of cancer or other hideous diseases. For the evidence they chose to ignore was overwhelming:  such taxes were good for their health. A 50% rise on tobacco tax leads to substantial declines in smoking, with all the falls in things like lung disease, cardiovascular disease and the many other ills associated with the widespread consumption of the drug nicotine. Regular readers will not be surprised to learn the same is true of alcohol taxes. The literature is vast, but we hope that the  studies which we have included will give you a starting point.[1] [2]  And add : will future societies discover the same truth with regard to sweet foods and drinks?

What is true for the particular turns out to true for the general. You don’t have to read this blog for long before coming across the names of Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett and their seminal work The Spirit Level.[3]  Taxes, they admit  create more equal societies. And more equal societies experience a truly amazing number of health benefits when compared to less equal ones. Obesity, childhood health, life expectancy, reductions in crime-all have been the subject of careful longitudinal and randomised studies which confirm the thesis of their book. Which advances in turn lead to more money available for better health care services, leading to less obesity, better child development……no, we’ll leave it there.  You know what a virtuous cycle looks like. .Again, our references barely scrape the surface of what’s available[4] [5]. But we’ll trust you’ll do a little digging yourselves rather than take our word for all of this

Which leaves it hard to write a concluding paragraph when those conclusions are so obvious both to intelligent readers and patriots. For what can be more patriotic than to promote the health and well being of the society in which we are grounded?  But. as we saw in the last blog, patriotism comes at a cash price, and you need an economy to pay for it, And in the next blog in this series we will learn that without a government and the taxes it collects, you will not have an economy at all. Don’t miss it.

[1] The Case for Health Taxes Masood AhmedMinouche Shafik  World Health Organisation

[2]  Estimating the effect of transitioning to a strength-based alcohol tax system on alcohol consumption and health outcomes: a modelling study of tax reform in England – The Lancet Public Health The Lancet

[3] Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett The Spirit Level Penguin 2009 updated 2024

[4]A UK wealth tax for better health | The BMJ

[5]Does income inequality cause health and social problems? Oseph Rowntree foundation

Mirror Organisms: the ultimate bioweapon?

Anyone who got beyond basic school science will recall the frustrating new level of complexity when the teacher first told you about stereoisometry. You recall-all biomolecules starting with the slightly complicated upwards really have two identical forms, left hand and right hand. Amino acids, proteins you name it. And life can only work with one. All amino acids in living things on this planet have left handed amino acids and right handed sugars. Of course living systems could work the other way round, It just has happened yet on this planet. Until now. Read this Debate heats up over mirror life from Nature Briefing

At a meeting this week in the United Kingdom, scientists are deliberating whether to restrict research that could eventually enable ‘mirror life’ — synthetic cells built from molecules that are mirror images of those found in the natural world. “Pretty much everybody agrees” that mirror-image cells would be “a bad thing”, says synthetic biologist John Glass. Such a cell might proliferate uncontrollably in the body or spread unchecked through the environment, because the body’s enzymes and immune system might not as readily recognize right-handed amino acids or left-handed DNA. But there are disagreements about where to set limits on research — the ability to evade degradation could also make such molecules useful as therapeutic drugs.Nature | 7 min read
Read more: Life scientist Ting Zhu, whose work explores various mirror-image molecular processes, considers how to bridge divergent views on such research. (Nature | 11 min read)

Unfortunately its the down size that worries us here, Not only the uncontrolled spread alluded to by the learned scientists above. But, as the world falls into the grip of authoritarian dictators and ever more powerful plutocrats, the potential these tools give them to get rid of surplus and redundant sections of humanity. Forever.

#isomers #biochemistry #bioweapons

Two exciting new drugs for heart disease point a deeper lesson

News of two exciting new discoveries not only brings hope to cardiovascular sufferers around the the world. They also point the way to what has gone so terribly wrong and how despite everything, we could still get out of this mess.

First up is Baxdrostat, designed to reduce blood pressure. Sharon Wooler of the Daily Mail covers it here[1] As readers will instantly recall, it inhibits aldosterone synthase enzyme making it tough on hypertension and tough on the causes of hypertension. Yup, we guessed that was how it would work. Mmmm.

Next to the fore comes Clopidogrel, which is a doozy when it comes to preventing heart attacks and strokes: better than aspirin or so asseverates Andrew Gregory of the Guardian [2]Instantly we heard of the substance we asked” does it inhibit P2Y12 receptor on platelets?”-as any of you would have done, gentle readers, And the answer was: yes. It does!

The same Professor Bryan Williams and the same Conference of Cardiologists in Madrid cropped up in both stories, which we found confusing: but we have sorted it out for you gentle readers. All part of the service.

Oh yeah, what has gone wrong? Well, the fact is that both these drugs were developed using the scientific method. Which first needs long years of hard study to develop intellectual faculties like critical thinking, evidential assessment. probability theory and experimental design. Then many long hard hours in a laboratory learning to eliminate promising hypotheses and false lines of reasoning. This is a very different use of the word “research” to the activities of those who spend a few hours on the interweb, then jump to hasty conclusions which they spend the rest of their lives defending in an increasingly hostile aggressive and hysterical tone. it is this way of behaving which is slowly squeezing out scientific research. Cutting its funds and closing its laboratories. The longer it persists, the less new Baxdrostats and Clopidogrels there will be. And quite a lot more global warming.

[1]https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-15050895/Game-changing-miracle-drug-slash-high-blood-pressure.html

[2]https://www.theguardian.com/society/2025/aug/31/doctors-find-drug-that-is-better-than-aspirin-at-preventing-heart-attacks-clopidogrel

#baxdrosat #clopidogrel #cardio vascular disease #heart #circulation #hypertensiion

Round Up: Trumponomics, Wind Farms, AIDS and Depeche Mode. Among other things

Donald Ducks out of the Free Market  Any questions you might have about the leftward drift of Mr Trump’s economic policies are  only confirmed  as he starts trying to take control of interest rates and large companies like Lockheed Martin. We’ve two pieces here: the Guardian and NSBC which riff on both themes. Watch the video in the latter: it features economist Gillan Tett,  as formidable an intellect as any  currently offering their thoughts in the serious media at the moment .

https://www.theguardian.com/business/2025/aug/25/trump-federal-reserve-lisa-cook-explained

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=85N6X5jvK9g

Contemplating, Celebrating New Life #1 Creating entirely new life forms was once a dream of the more outre writers of Science Fiction. Now it seems very real indeed as this piece from the Mail, which has enormous implications for many fields from Medicine to astrobiologyBreakthrough as scientists create a new form life | Daily Mail Online

New pill aids HIV sufferers Once again our researchers have put up a piece from the Mail . But bloggers can’t be choosers, so we ran with it. This is no cure: but it keeps the virus at bay and so help thousands lead healthier and more productive lives Monthly pill brings hope in fight against world’s deadliest STI

The Heat is on  An unexpected side effect of  global warming is that it may be making us age faster.  There’s an irony here: as most of the deniers fall into the -erm- ahem- more senior- sections of the population this may only impede efforts to control this runaway catastrophe  Heatwaves make a Biological Clock Run Fast from Nature Briefing

Repeated exposure to extreme heat events can accelerate the body’s ageing process. A long-term study of almost 25,000 people in Taiwan found that, for every extra 1.3 ℃ a person was exposed to, around 0.023–0.031 years was added to their biological clock on average — an extent comparable to that caused by regular smoking or alcohol consumption. The effect looks small, but cumulatively “can have meaningful public-health implications”, says environmental epidemiologist and study co-author Cui Guo. “Heatwave is not a personal risk factor, but a global concern,” she says. Nature | 4 min read
Reference: Nature Climate Change paper

Fearing the winds of change Peoples’ stated beliefs and opinions are often a guide to their deeper anxieties. A world view based on hyperconsumption and fossil fuels is now seriously archaic. This explains the deep angst ridden controversies  that swirls around wind farms: they are huge visible  reminder that we’ve been getting things seriously wrong for over one hundred years Here’s The Conversation

Contemplating Celebrating New Life-#2   You knew we were going to chose this one, didn’t you? Yes- Depeche Mode it is

#gillian #tett #economics #federal reserve #socialism #capitalism #biology #dna #HIV #AIDS  #renewables #global warming #climate change

Gut Health/Mental health: the evidence is slowly accumulating

No it wasn’t us who thought of this first. It was a piece in that brilliant mag New Scientist which first gave us this jaw-dropping moment. There may be a link between the digestive system-what we eat, how we prepare it and what else lives in it-and mental health. Maybe, just may be the researchers in this frontier field may be on the edge of finding causal mechanisms for some mental disorders. Some at least. We have started to cover this topos (don’t you love that word?)in several blogs since 2022, with growing enthusiasm. In this spirit we present this latest from Nature Briefing A gut feeling about mental health

Preliminary evidence suggests that nurturing the gut microbiota could help to resolve depression and anxiety, whether through faecal transplant, probiotics or diet. Two 2016 studies showed that transferring faecal matter from someone with depression into rodents gave the animals depression-like behaviors. “This is not how we’d thought about mental illness, as something that can be transferred the way you could catch measles,” says psychiatrist Valerie Taylor. Now researchers are working to untangle how the microbiota influence various human illnesses throughout the gut-brain axis — including effects on the immune system, the vagus nerve and the enteric nervous system.Nature Outlook | 12 min read
This editorially independent article is part of Nature Outlook: The human microbiome, a supplement produced with financial support from Yakult.

But we stress several things. Firstly, it’s early days. All too often people get carried away by excitement, and lose their grip on evidence and reason. But LSS staff and readers are above the level of mental level of conspiracy theory enthusiasts! Correlation does not prove causation, we say gentle readers. That said, the earnest and thorough research around things like neural super highways, neurotransmitter production, microbiome and mood and faecal microbiota transplants has excited our curiosity to the utmost. Next time you see one of those poor devils on the street, their life wrecked by mental disorder, think this: is their hope that one day, at least, this may never happen again?

#mental health #gut #microbiome #digestive system #schizophrenia #blood brain barrier

Bacteriophages v Bacteria: this arms race offers opportunities

We’ve always hymned the praises of bacteriophages here (LSS passim): that they will be a vital second option to supplement the next generation of antibiotic drugs. But we have a confession. We didn’t understand them. We didn’t appreciate that they are biological systems (viruses) interacting with other biological systems (bacteria). And as such, will obey all the usual rules of all such systems, such as arms races between predator and prey, Now a new article by Franklin Nobrega for the Conversation puts that right. [1]

Bacteria have evolved some fascinating defence mechanisms to ward off the relentless attacks of their phage enemies. These involve cutting the nuclear material of the viruses: building up strong cell walls and cellular shutdown mechanisms which act a bit like your IT Department does when it detects a global virus attack on your building’s systems. Recently Franklin and his team have investigated an early warning system called KIWA which gives the bacteria advanced notice that an attack is imminent. To which phages have in turn responded by their own mutations, and so it goes on, etc etc.

There’s a lot to encourage us here. Firstly, human knowledge of bacteriophages and their ways is deepening all the time, always a good thing. In fact Franklin is part of the University of Southampton phage collection project which we showcased here a few weeks ago (LSS 1 7 25) More strikingly, as two systems attack each other in an arms race, they leave little gaps, tiny vulnerabilities, which outsiders can exploit. The promise of new drugs and new bioengineering techniques looks very real indeed. Especially, we suggest if information scientists and complexity theorists are brought in to work alongside the biological teams. All in all, a rather good day for those of us interested in the problems of microbial antibiotic resistance. Go boldly, gentle readers, and be of good cheer.

[1]https://theconversation.com/how-ancient-viruses-could-help-fight-antibiotic-resistance-261970?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Latest%20from%20The%20Conversation%20

#microbial antibiotic resistance #bacteria #bacteriophage #health #medicine #phage collection project

Faecal Pellets: Watch the good bacteria chase out the bad

Imagine you get bad news: antibiotic resistant bacteria have set up a colony in your intestine. OK here’s some worse: they could escape and invade your blood, kidneys, whatever. In which case you have real problems. This is a very real scenario which that brilliant researcher Dr Blair Merrick of Guys and St Thomas Hospital has sought to address. [1] as reported by James Gallagher of the BBC Why not, he has reasoned, get some good non resistant bacteria to chase out all those bad ones? It is his chosen method which may raise more than one eyebrow among you, gentle readers

According to Dr Merrick, the way to get the good bacteria into his subjects is via pills made of…..well, made of faecal matter, you know,,,poo. To quote James:

Dr Merrick says there are “really promising signals” that poo pills could help tackle the rising scourge of superbugs and that donor bacteria could be going to microbial war with the superbugs as they compete over food and space on the lining of the gut and either rid the body of them completely or “reduce them down to a level that doesn’t cause problems”.

We like this for all sorts of reasons. Firstly the gut really is such a good harbour of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Secondly, as in all things ecological, making its flora more diverse can only be a good thing. Thirdly, we think it has a clever little principle behind it. Antibiotic resistant bacteria have devoted a tiny bit more of their genome to this purpose than non resistant ones. In the world of ecological competition, where tiny differences can make an enormous difference to long term survival, this could be crucial. If done correctly, the good non resistant ones should out compete the bad ones.

It’s early days yet, and the early trials have only been on 41 subjects But as seasoned veterans of the long wars of antibiotics will know, we at LSS welcome every initiative, however unusual it may at first seem. We wish every success to Dr Merrick and his team and hope that their early accomplishments continue in the bigger trials to come,

thanks to Ms G lynch

[1]https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/clyge290l4xo

#gut #microbiome #antibiotic resistant bacteria #health #medicine

Bit of a round up: Yes Men, Fusion, Bowel Cancer, molecular shuttles and seething in the Sahel

Overwhelmed by a huge flood of suggestions , the only way we could cope was to pull them into this handy easy to access guide to some of the most significant happenings of the week. You don’ have to click on all of them

Will the Yes men Bring Down Donald Trump? As organisations get successful they attract more people who are adept at climbing the ladder rather than doing the job. The USA is somewhere near peak Trump at the moment. The Conversation warns how bad advice could end all in tears

Fusion on Trent The person who sent us this idea has had to endure our enthusiasm for nuclear fusion for more than fifty three years, despite the fact that it hasn’t worked for fifty of them. Now all that may be about to change in Nottinghamshire in the UK as The I newspaper explains https://inews.co.uk/news/politics/limitless-clean-energy-nuclear-fusion-3711971

thanks to P Seymour via Apple News

Weighing the risks of bowel cancer Inequality leads to poor diets. Poor diets lead to obesity. Obesity leads to bowel cancer. How ironic, therefore, to see a riff on this theme in the Mail, of all places. But there it is so, there you go, as they say(that’s enough cliches-ed)

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-14756279/Doctors-discover-vital-new-clue-search-cause-mystery-bowel-cancer-explosion-50s.html

Shuttle and open We’ve riffed a bit ourselves here about the blood brain barrier over the years. It’s a pretty tough problem for those who would like to treat various disorders of the central nervous system. Now new hope come sin the form of molecular shuttles as Nature Briefing explains

To reach the brain, drugs must pass through the highly-selective blood-brain barrier. Large molecules, such as antibodies, don’t cross easily, if at all. Now, small chemical tags that can ‘shuttle’ drugs across the barrier are offering a way forward. Several such shuttles, which take advantage of natural transport systems, are in the works. Some have already been trialled in rare diseases, with signs of success. The field is in its infancy, but these shuttles promise to revolutionize treatments for diseases from Alzheimer’s to cancer.Nature | 10 min read

When scientists have a bone to pick It is an invariable law in paleontology , especially of the human kind, that the rancour of the disputes between its protagonists is in inverse proportion to the numbers of remains they have to work with. There is no better example of fear and loathing than the disputes over the bones of Sahelanthropus, the famous Toumai, which was once hailed as the uber-ancestor of us all. Before you hand over the world to an Aristocracy of the Educated, as some advocate, read this.

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2025/may/27/the-curse-of-toumai-ancient-skull-disputed-femur-feud-humanity-origins?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other

#cancer #bowel #nuclear fusion #dona;d trump #health #medecine #alzheimers #sahelanthopus