New antibiotic for gonorrhoea: more good news for antibiotic resistance fans everywhere

Once more we feel that things are moving in our direction. And just in time for Christmas too! Thanks to a story by the redoubtable Kat Lay of the Guardian, we bring you news of not one, but two new antibiotics, gentle readers. Both Zoliflodacin and Gepotidacin have passed major trials and have been approved this very month by the US Food and Drug Administration. Always a major step in their progress to world-wide use.[1]

We will keep our bit short today. Kat’s excellent story is a lucid and succinct presentation of all you need to know-infection rates, strains, statistics and the marvellous groups of educated, open minded people who have worked so hard to get humanity to this stage. Suffice it to say you might wish to learn more about Global Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership (GARDP) who seem to be just the sort of people we have been hoping to have around in this crisis (thanks for that, Kat) So, go on-click.

Hardened fans of LSS and the antibiotics resistance community in general will be aware of our earlier thoughts on this aspect of the problem(LSS 19 2 24; 12 9 24) It is a genuine pleasure to see advances being made, and not just in STDs, after more than ten years of campaigning. The antibiotics crisis is not over yet; but compared with where we were about 2015, this feels better. So, although we are not going to let up, enough time has been bought to devote a little of it to another of our bêtes noires: the intractable mystery of mental illness and its causes. But this time, we think there’s hope there too. Don’t miss our next amazing blog.

[1https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2025/dec/16/health-antibiotic-resistance-drugs-superbugs-sexually-transmitted-gonorrhoea

[2]https://gardp.org/

#antibiotic resistance #microbiology #health #medicine #bacteria #STD #GARDP

Antibiotic Resistance Rising: Part one of our Depressing Diptych for November

Five years of writing this blog, ten years of campaigning. But antibiotic resistance is still on the rise as this article by the indefatigable Hannah Devlin of the Guardian makes all too clear.[1] According to the UK Health Security Agency deaths due to antibiotic resistance went up by 17% in England in 2024 alone.[2] And England is not an outlier: investigations by our Fact Checking Department , Research Unit and and Data Team all showed comparable metrics for other G7 counties(sorry, no time to look wider!)

As might be expected from a fine journalist who has covered this topic so extensively, Hannah’s article is a cornucopia of useful statistics, data points and links. As for the England’s particular glitch, she offers this intriguing possible cause: an increase in private prescriptions following cuts to antibiotic prescriptions within the NHS. Time will tell on that one.

But all too depressingly believable in any case. In pubs, in shops in cafes, we hear the same dreary old reprise: “I’ve got flu and that (unprintable) (unprintable) of a Doctor wouldn’t give me an antibiotic!” An utter misunderstanding of causes, effects and consequence which leads to an ever-rising demand for antibiotics and consequently, an ever-rising rate of resistance mutations in the target organisms. Combine that with the disgraceful misuse of antibiotics in the farming industry, in order to produce megatons of unnecessary meat, and you can imagine a world in ten or twenty years’ time where there are no antibiotics as such at all. It’s not the antibiotics themselves, it’s not the bacteria, its the fact that so many people think they can ignore the findings of science -until it’s too late. It’s a theme we’ll return to in the next part of our Depressing Diptych for this November. Stay on line, it’s coming up.

[1]https://www.theguardian.com/society/2025/nov/13/deaths-linked-to-antibiotic-resistant-superbugs-rose-17-in-england-in-2024

[2]https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/uk-health-security-agency

#microbial antibiotic resistance #health #medicine #prescriptions #NHS #farming

Nature Briefing on a brand new antibiotic(or was it there all along?)

Today, gentle readers, we bring you really good news in our joint quest to finally overcome the problem of antibiotic resistant micro organisms. And it comes of course from Nature Briefing, that indispensable source of all good science news and reporting. Let’s start with their summary Antibiotic was hiding in plain sight, and then briefly run through all the implications

Scientists have discovered a powerful antibiotic while studying the process through which a soil bacterium naturally produces a well-known drug. The compound — called premethylenomycin C lactone — is more than 100 times more active against bacteria than the final product, antibiotic methylenomycin A, which was first identified in 1965. Tiny doses of the surprise discovery killed strains of bacteria known to cause hard-to-treat infections.Nature | 5 min read
Reference: Journal of the American Chemical Society paper

Okay, so wanted the implications? Firstly for us at LSS. Great reassurance to see progress in our core area of real, old-skool antibiotics. Now, if these make a comeback, can they please be used sparingly, and in conjunction with therapies like vaccines and bacteriophages, so we are not in this whole mess again around the year 2065? Secondly, the new compound premethylenomycin C , though only a precursor is a hundred times more powerful than methylenomycin A. As Dr Challis, one of the co-authors of the work observes, that’s a turn up for the evolutionary book if ever there was one. But for us the Big One is how many years of painstaking research this all took, how many tiny detailed steps in the synthetic chain had to be weeded out. They started back in 2006 when one George W Bush was still President of the United States and everyone thought that Katy Perry was the way of the future. Blue sky abstract research; done as much out of intellectual curiosity as anything else. Which is odd. Because every so often one of our Right Leaning media outlets comes up with tropes such as WOI ARE VE WYESTIN ORL DIS TEXPAYUHS MUNNI ONNER RESURTCH WOT DON’T DO NUFFINK? SPEN IT ON SUMFIN USEFUL GUVNOR, INNIT! Which raises a deep question; how do you measure the value of research like premethylenomycin ? The costs are small but substantial enough to cash-strapped Universities. But the pay-off is almost infinite. That one we will leave to you, faithful readers of our words.

[1]https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-03595-3?utm_source=Live+Audience&utm_campaign=f5bcecac99-

#antibiotics #biochemistry #microbio;ogy #medicine #health #antibiotic resistance

The economic costs of antibiotic resistance

Down the years we’ve tended to cover the health risks of antibiotic resistance , and the various scientific and medical developments in the field. We haven’t written so much on the economic risks. And frankly, that’s been a blind spot.

Now a very clear sighted article by Anna Bawden of the Guardian[1] makes those potential costs very clear indeed. Drawing on report from the prestigious Centre for Global Development [2] Anna serves up some chilling facts Get this:

A UK government-funded study shows that without concerted action, increased rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) could lead to global annual GDP losses of $1.7tn over the next quarter of a century.

Breaking it down by countries:

The research calculated the economic and health burden of antibiotic resistance for 122 countries and forecast that in that in this most pessimistic scenario, by 2050, GDP losses in China could reach just under $722bn a year, the US $295.7bn, the EU $187bn, Japan $65.7bn and the UK $58.6bn.

That alone should give the thoughtful 5% of us pause for thought. But it’s Anna’s background which makes this a great article. For it comes at a time when countries like the USA and the UK are busily cutting their overseas aid budgets. Which is shows a worrying lack of self interest on their parts. For one thing, antibiotic resistance will not be confined to poorer countries: but it is much more likely to develop in them. Secondly, being at the forefront of pioneering science can spin off the most amazing business and technological opportunities for the more astute kind of entrepreneur. And thirdly, and most acutely for their voter base: if the health system in those poor contries collapses, guess where their populations will pitch up? “Stands ter reason,dunnit, mate?” as our old friend Dave Watford is fond of stating. Thanks, Dave- you’ve got it right this time.

[1]https://www.theguardian.com/society/2025/jul/20/superbugs-could-kill-millions-more-and-cost-2tn-a-year-by-2050-models-show

[2]https://www.cgdev.org/media/forecasting-fallout-amr-economic-impacts-antimicrobial-resistance-humans

#antibiotic resistance #health #medicine #economics

Antimicrobial resistance: its not just bacteria Plus: see if you can spot the hidden message in this blog

Stop the press! Urgent! Even though it’s Thursday afternoon and we’ve done our blog for the day, a new story is bursting to be told. Because while leafing through the Interweb to see if we had been included in any top secret message groups, we came across a story by the assiduous Clara Harter of the Los Angeles Times: Deadly Drug Resistant fungus CDC calls urgent threat is spreading in hospitals [1] We won’t steal Clara’s thunder. But basically, it’s called Candida auris, it spreads rapidly in healthcare facilities. and it tends to target the sick and the old.

Wanting to know more , we went to the site of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)[2] whose purpose, as every schoolchild knows is goal is to protect public health and safety through the control and prevention of disease injury and disability both in the USA and throughout the world[3](fungi don’t stop at national borders, you see) We found their web page to be concise, easy to access and extremely helpful. How lucky Americans are, to have such a body that anticipates threats to public safety, co-ordinates the efforts of medical facilities and health agencies and keeps the public informed, free of charge!

Well until recently they were, Because we have learned that the CDCs are yet another target in the cross hairs of Mr Musk and his enthusiastic band of young cost cutters. [4] According to the independent Medical Economics:

The cuts include 1,300 U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) staff — about 10% of its workforce — and all first-year officers in the Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) — a disease response unit.

We are ignorant of Mr Musk’s motives; he may be a man of profound compassion and acute foresight. His economic learning may be profound; we cannot say. But if the fungus spreads, and if its economic cost is as great as its human one, we will know that it could have been prevented.

[1]https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2025-03-27/deadly-drug-resistant-fungus-cdc-calls-urgent-threat-is-spreading-in-hospitals

[2]https://www.cdc.gov/candidiasis/antimicrobial-resistance/index.html#:~:text=At%20a%20glance%201%20Antimicrobial%20resistance%20happens%20when,common%20type

[3]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_federal_agencies_targeted_by_DOGE

[4]https://www.medicaleconomics.com/view/elon-musk-s-doge-and-its-impact-on-federal-health-agencies-explained

#DOGE #CDC #fungus #antimicrobial resistance #public health #disease prevention #medicine

Antibiotic Resistance: predicting it before it happens

In war, Intelligence is just about the most vital thing you can have. You know, predicting the enemy’s next move before he makes it. How useful it would be to know which bacteria will show resistance to our next antibiotic, where, how , and when! That’s why some new work from Dr Kalen Hall and team of Tulane University, reported on Phys.org is so exciting [1]

They have identified a genetic signature in the bacteria Pseudomona aeruginosa which predicts the likelihood of developing genetic changes which facilitate resistance to antibiotics. Ingeniously, they studied the DNA mismatch repair pathway, which spurs rapid mutations in the genome. As every schoolchild knows, the more mutations you throw up, the more likely it is that one will give you resistance to antibiotics.

But for LSS homies there’s a deeper learning point. The team took their cue from similar research being carried out in the field of cancer treatment. The idea was to use it to predict carcinogenic mutations-but look what these antibiotic folk have done with it! Science breeds science. Knowledge and learning breeds more knowledge and learning. To our readers in the United States we would observe that this is a lesson you used to know well. Why have you started to forget?

[1]https://phys.org/news/2025-01-genetic-fingerprint-bacteria-drug-resistance.html

#microbiology #dna #antibiotic resistance #cancer #bacteria

Dementia and Resistance: Two Antibiotics stories from the front line, plus our take on Glasgow Rangers v Manchester United

A Cure for Dementia? What hope, what unexpected hope, there may be in antibiotic drugs! We knew that when we started this blog. We did it because we were scared of resistant bacteria. But we never anticipated this benefit: antibiotic drugs may protect us from dementia. So might antiviral drugs. So might vaccines too. Andrew Gregory of the Guardian has been following the work of Dr Ben Underwood. In a nutshell

…….One unexpected finding was an association between antibiotics, antivirals and vaccines and a reduced risk of dementia. The finding supports the hypothesis that some cases of the disease may be triggered by viral or bacterial infections. [1]

Of course, there are many questions to be answered. But for us the point is how precious these drugs are, how important it is not to waste them. Which leads us to:

War starts spike in microbial resistance Armed conflicts produce vast surges in traumatic casualties, in dirt and in squalor. All of which necessitate an understandable increase in prescription of antibiotics. Which in turn leads to rising levels of resistance. As Abdujalil Abdurasulov adduces for the BBC [2]

………war appears to have accelerated the spread of multi-resistant pathogens in Ukraine.Clinics treating war injuries have registered a sharp increase of AMR cases. More than 80% of all patients admitted to Feofaniya Hospital have infections caused by microbes which are resistant to antibiotics, according to deputy chief physician Dr Andriy Strokan.

Once started, these resistant strains of bacteria will not go away. They will spread and multiply. How ironic if many of us end up as casualties of a war between third parties, with whom we have no direct connection. Which leads us to:

War For all? We are beginning to suspect that the tendency to divide into hostile camps , who quickly resort to violence, may be a major cognitive defect in the brains of Homo sapiens. Here is our exhibit A: Recently the followers of the popular Association Football Team Manchester United were involved in violent fighting with the followers of the popular Association Football Team Glasgow Rangers. Why? What economic, intellectual or spiritual gains to they hope to make from such an expenditure of time and effort.?(not to mention the legal penalties which may accrue) What on earth divides them so deeply? Yet if people can fight over such infinitesimal differences as theirs, what hope for any of us? One thing is clear to this blog: there will be a lot more antibiotic resistance. Natural Selection does not forgive species that indulge in maladaptive behaviour. What is waiting in the wings to replace us?

[1]https://www.theguardian.com/society/2025/jan/21/antibiotics-antivirals-and-vaccines-could-help-tackle-dementia-study-suggests?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other

[2]https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c20k5wrgz13o

[3]https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cy7gnd72xe8o#:~:text=Trouble%20before%20and%20during%20Manchester%20United%27s%20Europa%

#antibiotic resistance #medicine #health #ukraine #russia #football #manchester united #rangers

Antibiotic resistance: is Magnesium the answer?

Magnesium: that abundant but essentially humble metal that finds so many uses: tin cans, consumer electronics, aviation, Epsom salts, transport…..and many more. But could it be the clue to an exciting new development in the study of antibiotic resistance? Tessa Koumoundouros of Science Alert seems to think so.

A team At UC San Diego think that magnesium is the “Achilles heel” of antibiotic resistance in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. It’s classic Darwinian Natural Selection in action. Put them in an environment with lots of antibiotic, and, hey presto, one particular strain evolves resistance. They get a competitive advantage and start to out-breed their pals without the resistant gene. But: there is no free lunch in Nature. To get an advantage in one area you have to pay a price somewhere else. Because the non resistant, more generally adapted strain are much better at coping when the magnesium levels in the environment drop. As Tessa explains:

Depriving environments of magnesium could counter the bacteria’s ability to thrive. And because unmutated strains don’t share the same flaw, reducing the key nutrient shouldn’t adversely impact bacteria needed for a healthy microbiome.

Her article contains a really clear explanation, and some good images. Great journalism.

It’s funny how research in one area suddenly gets a boost from something slightly unexpected and left-field. If we are to overcome antibiotic resistance, yes, new drugs will be needed. But, eventually, resistance will develop to them. We need other techniques too, to work alongside the new drugs. And this idea of nutrient balance seems like a really fruitful one to us.

[1]https://www.sciencealert.com/achilles-heel-of-drug-resistant-bacteria-has-been-found-scientists-say

[2]https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adq5249

#magnesium #antibiotic resistance #health #medicine #microbiology #natural selection

Digital Technologies offer step change in Antibiotic resistance

If something isn’t going too well, you try to look to throw something new into the mix. Something different, from outside the field. We’ve been bashing away with new drugs, education, media ops for ten years now. And still the problem of microbial resistance to antibiotics hasn’t gone away.

Which is why we welcome this new idea covered in The Lancet. The application of advanced digital technologies in things like diagnostics, data collection, clinical decisions -the thousand and one everyday things of medical life-could be a real game changer. So we are rather proud to present these articles from The Lancet. the first [1] by Timothy Rawson and co-workers is a marvellously detailed road map for how it might all work. (Warning-there’s a lot of it, this is going to take more than one coffee break) The second is a general guide from the Lancet about how they will be promoting and covering the whole trope. Well done, them.

We need a game changer, gentle readers. We sincerely hope this is it. Remember- you read it here first. Well, sort of. Anyway, the less you have of us, the more time you will have to read the papers. Off you go!

_{Thanks to G Herbert}

[1]https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landig/article/PIIS2589-7500(24)00198-5/fulltext

[2]https://www.thelancet.com/series/AMR-and-digital-approaches?dgcid=facebook_organic_landigamr24_whod_landig&utm_campaign=landigamr24&utm_content=316076562&

#antibiotics #microbial resistance #digital technologies #the lancet

Pesky Plastic Particles Promote Antibiotic Resistance

Oh for those shiny days of the far-off 1960s, when all those brightly coloured plastics were new, and somehow modern. Your model of Thunderbird 2 was made of it. So were the seats in your dad’s new Austin 1100. So were bottles of fabric conditioner, drinking mugs and clothes of nylon. No more fuddy duddy old wood and cotton for us! This was the Space Age, and we even listened to David Bowie’s Space Oddity on a plastic record.

Except there was a catch. All this new plastic which was slowly filling up the world would one day break down into tiny indigestible particles. With no where else to go except into our blood, our brains, our tissues. So far so bad, but it gets worse. LSS started out as antibiotics blog, and this is where we close the circle. Read this: It’s from the admirable Science News website, a cornucopia of knowledge on many subjects

An international research team has investigated how nanoplastic particles deposited in the body affect the effectiveness of antibiotics. The study showed that the plastic particles not only impair the effect of the drugs, but could also promote the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.I

So what’s going on? Firstly, can we say how much we liked the simplicity of this study. It used a common antibiotic (tetracycline) and and some common as muck plastics (polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene) It looks as if microparticles of these things can bind antibiotics, which leads to both the reduction of effectiveness and the generation of new resistance. But read the paper and judge for yourselves, good readers.

And our thoughts? Well they’re more emotions really. A kind of vague melancholy at how progress in one area slow creeps up and vitiates progress in another. That Rachel Carson was right all along. And that all that glistens isn’t good.

[1]https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/10/241030150657.htm

#plastic #nanoparticles #antibiotic resistance #pollution #health #medicine